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0 How to play Java games on Samsung Galaxy Y







A lot of people  probably(like me)have always wanted to play their good old  java games on android mobiles that they used to play on their past phones. As you all know Android mobiles just can't open java apps when you tap on it. So in this guide i will teach u hoe to play java games on our Sansung Galaxy Y.

Your device has to be rooted before you install the Java application. Click here to learn how to root your device.


  1. First lets start off by Downloading   Jbed.zip and put it directly in SD card. Click here to download from 4shared.com
  2. Now download CWM.zip ( ClockWorkMod Recovery) and put it directly in SD card. Click here to download from 4shared.com
  3. Now boot into recovery mode by holding Up Volume Key+Home Button+Power Key.
  4. Please Note in Recovery mode you can use only Volume Up for Up , Volume Down for Down, Home button for Selection.
  5. Once your here select "apply update from sd card".
  6. Look for CWM.zip and press home button after you have selected it. You will now boot into CMW recovery mode.
  7. After your here go to "install zip from sd" then select "choose zip from sdcard". this will let u browse through your sd card.
  8. Look for jbed.zip in the sd card and press home button to apply it. It will then ask you if your sure, Choose yes
  9. After installation, it should say "Install from sdcard complete". Then press the power button once to go back to the previous menu, then choose Reboot phone.
  10. After you have turned on your samsung galaxy y, look for the app called "java". The installation is complete.
  11. This app does not support portrait games, try to install landscape ones.

0 How to root your Samsung Galaxy Young 2.3.6

Here is the safe way to root your Samsung Galaxy Y.

  • Copy the downloaded file directly in to phone SD Card (don't create any sub folders)
  •  Now turn off your phone. Start your phone in recovery mode 
  • To start your phone in recovery mode u need to hold the POWER, VOLUME UP & HOME BUTTON together all at the same time.
  •  Please Note in Recovery mode you can use only Volume Up for Up , Volume Down for Down, Home button for Selection.
     This how it looks when u start the recovery mode
    • Once u start in recovery mode, you should see a few options, look for "apply update from sdcard and select that option
    • This will take you to sd card directory. Here select the update.zip file (which u have copied earlier)
    •  Wait for a few seconds. 
    •  Yappiiee!! Your Galaxy Y S5360 is now rooted successfully!
    •  Look for the Superuser app on your device and install an app that requires root access to get confirmed.


    0 Which Phones And Tablets Will Get Android 4.1 Jelly Bean Update?

    Google has announced the launch of the latest version of Android: Google Android 4.1 Jelly Bean, in San Francisco as part of the Google I/O event on Wednesday. Android 4.1 will be bringing quite a few new features along with it including Google Now, re-sizable widgets, customizable notifications, and a smoother overall experience just to name a few things. Many android smartphone users are eager to know whether their android smartphone will get an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean Update. Here is our analysis on which phones and tablets will be getting an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.

    Phones And Tablets That Are Confirmed To Get An Android 4.1 Jelly Bean Update

    Samsung Galaxy Nexus
    The Samsung Galaxy Nexus will be the first device to receive an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update. Google has confirmed that the update will be rolling out in July. Also Samsung Galaxy Nexus is hitting stores back next week. And this time, Android 4.1 Jelly Bean will come pre-loaded on the smartphone.
    Samsung Nexus S
    Google has said the aim is to get the Nexus S running Android 4.1 Jelly Bean in mid-July 2012. Samsung users using the Nexus S will get an over the air update in mid-July. Exact details have yet to be confirmed.
    Google Nexus 7 Tablet
    Google announced its first tablet computer (TheAsus-made Nexus 7) last week. Google’s Nexus 7 ($199 for 8GB, $249 for 16GB) is a game-changer. Nexus 7 is the first tablet to launch with Android 4.1 Jelly Bean.
    Motorola Xoom
    Motorola Xoom users will also be getting an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update in mid-July. No exact details on when the over the air update will be out however, or whether the update will also come to the Motorola Xoom II.

    Phones And Tablets That Should Get An Android 4.1 Jelly Bean Update

    Samsung Galaxy S III
    Samsung Galaxy S3 is right now the latest and the most expensive Android phone in the market. So Galaxy S3 should definitely get an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update. Samsung hasn’t confirmed it, but we expect it to be amongst the first to roll out Jelly Bean.
    HTC One X
    HTC One X is the best-selling phone of the HTC One series. It is powered by a Quad Core Processor.  So HTC One X should definitely get an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Asus Eee Pad Transformer Prime
    Asus Eee Pad Transformer Prime is a quad-core CPU tablet. Also Jelly Bean is optimized for quad-core processors. Therefore Asus Eee Pad Transformer Prime should definitely get an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Asus Transformer Pad 300
    The Asus Transformer Pad 300 launched with Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. Therefore Asus Transformer Pad 300 should definitely get an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Asus Transformer Pad Infinity
    The Asus Transformer Pad Infinity is launching with Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. Therefore Asus Transformer Pad Infinity should definitely get an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Samsung Galaxy Tab 2
    Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 (7-inch and 10-inch) was launched just months ago with Ice Cream Sandwich as its operating system. Therefore Samsung should have no problems in giving Galaxy Tab   2 an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.

    Phones And Tablets That May End Up Getting An Android 4.1 Jelly Bean Update

    HTC One S
    HTC One S was launched with Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich as its operating system. So we think HTC One S should get an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update. HTC One S users will have to be patient though.
    Samsung Galaxy Note
    Samsung Galaxy Note is amongst the most popular Samsung phones. So Samsung would try to appease it’s users by giving Galaxy Note an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update. But some Galaxy Note users will have to wait patiently since their Galaxy Note is yet to receive ICS update.
    Samsung Galaxy S II
    Samsung has already sold more than 20 million Galaxy S2 phones. Ice Cream Sandwich update for Galaxy S2 is already being rolled out all over the world. However only time will tell us whether Galaxy S2 will receive an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Motorola Droid RAZR
    Motorola Droid Razr is the best-selling phone of Motorola. ICS update for Droid Razr is already rolling out. So Motorola would definitely want to appease it’s users by giving Droid Razr an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Motorola Droid RAZR MAXX
    ICS update for Droid Razr MAXX is already rolling out. Droid RAZR MAXX has an amazing battery life. It is also amongst the best smartphone in the market. So Motorola would definitely want to appease it’s users by giving Droid Razr MAXX an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    HTC EVO 4G LTE
    HTC EVO 4G LTE runs Ice Cream Sandwich out of the box. So we think it should end up getting an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Acer Iconia Tab A500
    Acer updated the Acer A500 with Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. RandomBlame, a senior member of XDA-Developers’ forum, is the brilliant mind who ported Jelly Bean to Acer Iconia Tab A500 and what’s even more impressive is that he also played a pivotal role in the development of the two functional ROMs for the Galaxy S3 and One X. Therefore I think Acer may just end up giving Iconia Tab A500 an official Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Toshiba Excite 7.7
    Toshiba Excite 7.7 runs Ice Cream Sandwich as its operating system. Therefore Toshiba Excite 7.7 may end up getting an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Toshiba Excite 10 LE
    Toshiba Excite 10 LE runs Ice Cream Sandwich as its operating system. Therefore Toshiba Excite 10 LE may end up getting an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Toshiba Excite 13
    Toshiba Excite 13 LE runs Ice Cream Sandwich as its operating system. Therefore Toshiba Excite 13 may end up getting an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update.
    Lots of people are asking me when will gadgets such as Sony Xperia S, Sony Xperia P, Sony Tablet S, Sony Tablet P, HTC Sensation XE, HTC Sensation XL, Motorola Droid Bionic, Motorola Droid 4, Motorola Atrix 2, LG Optimus 2X and HTC EVO 3D get an Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update. We will have to wait for an answer as Handset makers HTC, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson), and LG have not confirmed when Android 4.1 Jelly Bean update will be available for their respective smartphones. But do not get disappointed if you do not get an official Jelly Bean update as XDA-Developers is always there to help you.
    We’re stilling waiting to hear from a whole host of Android device manufacturers. Make sure you bookmark this page, as we’ll be updating this article as and when we hear back from manufacturers regarding their plans for the Android 4.1 update. In the meantime, take a look at our hands on Android 4.1Jelly Bean review to see what the jelly Bean update will be bringing.

    0 Android 4.1 Jelly Bean Review

    Being unveiled at Google I/O 2012, Android 4.1(Jelly Bean) brings along a whole host of features to build upon the work started by Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. Android 4.1 Jelly Bean will be available in a few weeks. Besides the brand new Nexus 7 tablet, the first devices to receive the latest Android update from Google will be the Galaxy Nexus, Nexus S, and the XOOM. Following Google’s mind boggling Keynote announcement at Google I/O today, the Android team posted the platform highlights, recapping all of Jelly Bean’s new features. Here are a few we are particularly excited about.

    Android 4.1 Jelly Bean release date

    OTA updates are scheduled to be pushed out mid-July, however this is initially to Motorola Xoom, Samsung Galaxy Nexus and Nexus S devices. Google has announced the Android Platform Development Kit, which means manufacturers and chipset vendors will be working with the search giant up to three months before each release of Android in the future – so waiting for each new iteration could be a thing of the past.

    Faster, Smoother, More Responsive

    Due to the success of Google’s “Project Butter”, the latest version of Android is just like the saying goes “as smooth as butter”. Jelly Bean is the most responsive and impressive version of Android to date coming with triple buffered graphics, extended vsync timing and intuitive touch that boosts your CPU at the next touch event to make sure lag is minimal.

    Enhanced Accessibility

    Jelly Bean includes new API’s for accessibility features such as services that let you handle gestures and manage accessibility focus with on-screen navigation buttons. These can be handled by accessibility gestures, accessories, or other input methods. Applications that use the standard View components inherit support for these new features automatically without the need for developers to alter their code.

    Android 4.1 Jelly Bean camera

    Another update in the new iteration of Android is to the camera app. Whilst Android 4.0 brought fast image capturing, 4.1 takes this further. Image capture is smoother, but it is in the photo review where the major changes lie. Pinching brings a photo strip of all taken photos, with the swipe to delete making it easier to quickly remove unwanted images. Don’t worry though, there is an undo button making its way to the interface as well, so even if you accidentally scrub out that picture of a cat you once saw, it’s not gone for good.

    Support For International Users

    Android 4.1 helps developers reach more users through support for bi-directional text. Apps can handle text editing in left to right or right to left scripts. Apps can also make sure of new included Arabic and Hebrew locales and fonts. If that isn’t enough, the platform now supports user-installable keymaps.

    Expandable Notifications

    Android 4.1 brings a major update to Android notifications. Apps can now display larger, richer notifications to users that can be expanded and collapsed with a pinch. Notifications support new types of content, including photos, have configurable priority, and can even include multiple actions assigned to them.

    Resizable App Widgets

    Android 4.1 introduces improved App Widget functionality that can automatically resize, based on where the user drops them on the home screen, depending on the size, and the amount home screen real estate available. You can also supply separate landscape and portrait layouts for your widgets, which the system activates depending on your current screen rotation.

    High Resolution Contact Photos

    With Android 4.1, we cab finally store our contact photos at a whopping 720 x 720, allowing contact pictures to be truly beautiful. Apps can store and retrieve contact photos at that size or use any other size as needed.

    Android Beam

    Android Beam was introduced with ICS, but we haven’t seen a lot of uses for it. In Android 4.1, Android Beam makes it easier to share images, videos, or other payloads by leveraging Bluetooth for the data transfer. When the user triggers a transfer, Android Beam hands over from NFC to Bluetooth, making it easier to transfer and manage files between devices.

    Smart App Updates

    The latest feature of Google Play introduces a better way to receive application updates on your devices. When a developer publishes an app update, Google Play now only delivers the changes bits of the application rather then the entire APK.  This makes app updates much lighter and easier on your network data. On average, a smart app update is about 1/3 the size of the full APK update.

    Google Voice Search and Google Now

    Google has drastically improved the default Voice Search functionality with Android 4.1. Dubbed Google Now, the new search functionality makes search much more visual such as displaying your results as cards for weather, navigation routes, sports scores, and more. This is much more than a virtual assistant.

    Better Battery Life

    Using Touch Input Boost, Android 4.1 boosts the CPU so that loading times are faster, and therefore uses less battery power. Updates to Google Play also mean that now app updates are smarter. Rather than downloading and installing the whole installation file, apps only install changed elements, making them on average 66% smaller.

    0 An Indian Company Launches Ubuntu-installed Laptops & PCs

    Linux is gaining ground in India. After Dell decided to launch Ubuntu-based PCs and Laptops in India, an Indian company named Niam Computech has decided to launch its own range of Ubuntu based laptops and desktops. Niam Computech Pvt Ltd started in 2010 as Kaspersky Antivirus distributor for entire North India (except Delhi NCR) retail market. Along with Kaspersky they also distributed Vipre, AVG antivirus products, Kensington peripherals & accessories, Dolgix Memory Modules in entire Upper North India till Q4 2011 (March 2012). In 2012 they are distributing VMC systems networking / telecom products in India & worldwide, and marketing their own PCs, Servers, Laptops & Tablets.

    Niam Computech now currently sells laptops, desktops (AIOs), mini pcs, and servers powered by Ubuntu. Their future goal for next 5 years is to market Ubuntu and Linux based electronics products in India. They are in talks with Canonical to allow them to join its OEM program. They are looking forward to sell around 500 AIOs and 1000 Laptops by FY 2012. These developments are interesting considering the fact that Niam Computech is the first Indian company to launch Ubuntu based products.

    The Indian government has been fairly helpful of the perspective behind Ubuntu. The Supreme Court of India is using the application in 20,000 personal computers.  University of Delhi is already using the software in 10,000 personal computers and various Assam academic organizations are also using it. These facts show that the demand for Ubuntu based products is surely increasing in India and especially in the education sector. The open source trend is catching on in the IT and electronics space in India which gives Niam Computech a good platform to launch their Ubuntu based products.

    Niam Computech Products

    1. Notebooks (14.0 and 15.6 inch running on Intel based i3/i5/i7 processors)

    2. Ultrabooks (14.0 inch running on Intel based i3/i5/i7 processors)

    3. AIOs (15.6, 17.3, 21.5 inch all in one PCs running on Intel based atom/i3/i5/i7 processors)

    4. Tablets (7″ and 10.1″ running on android and ARM Cortex A8, A9 based chipsets)

    What is Ubuntu?

    Ubuntu is a complete desktop Linux operating system, freely available with both community and professional support. The Ubuntu community is built on the ideas enshrined in the Ubuntu Manifesto: that software should be available free of charge, that software tools should be usable by people in their local language and despite any disabilities, and that people should have the freedom to customize and alter their software in whatever way they see fit. “Ubuntu” is an ancient African word, meaning “humanity to others”.
    The Ubuntu distribution brings the spirit of Ubuntu to the software world. Ubuntu has an installable live CD, creative artwork, desktop themes and migration assistant for Windows user. Ubuntu has a feature that support the latest technologies such as 3D desktop effects, easy installation of device drivers for ATI and NVDIA graphics card and wireless networking and the on demand support for non-free media codecs.

    0 Get the Microsoft Office 2013 Customer Preview right now

    Today, Microsoft announced the latest version of its popular productivity suite, Office 2013. The Office suite has been reworked with Windows 8 and touch-screen tablets in mind. One more key feature is that it will rely heavily on the cloud.

    If you're eager to get your hands on this new set of tools, you'll be glad to know you won't have to wait. Microsoft has posted a Customer Preview of Office 2013 here. You'll need to be running Windows 7 or the Release Preview of Windows 8 in order to install it. You will notice the Customer Preview runs a preview of Office 365 Home Premium Preview. In the end, you're still able to use the newly announced features, but have to go through Office 365 to do so.

    Download the Office 2013 Customer Preview now.


    0 What is MeeGo!!?things you should know about MeeGo



    Nokia's Maemo and Intel's Moblin operating systems have been merged to create MeeGo. MeeGo is a Linux-based free mobile operating system project. Primarily targeted at mobile devices and information appliances in the consumer electronics market, MeeGo is designed to act as an operating system for hardware platforms such as netbooks, entry-level desktops, nettops, tablet computers, mobile computing and communications devices, in-vehicle infotainment devices, SmartTV / ConnectedTV, IPTV-boxes, smart phones, and other embedded systems. MeeGo is currently hosted by the Linux Foundation.

    History
     
    It was first announced at Mobile World Congress in February 2010 by Intel and Nokia in a joint press conference. The stated aim is to merge the efforts of Intel's Moblin and Nokia's Maemo former projects into one new common project. According to Intel, MeeGo was developed because Microsoft did not offer comprehensive Windows 7 support for the Atom processor.


    Things u should know about MeeGo

    Ø      MeeGo is a Linux-based software platform that has been created from Intel's Moblin platform and Nokia's Maemo platform. MeeGo isn't just a direct competitor for the likes of the iPhone, Android OS-powered devices, Windows Phone 7 Series, Palm's webOS and RIM's BlackBerry platform. It's aimed at a much broader range of applications. The Linux-based MeeGo platform is intended to power multiple types of devices including smartphones, netbooks, tablets, connected TVs, mobile computers and in-car entertainment systems. 


    Ø      MeeGo isn't going to replace Symbian as Nokia's smartphone platform of choice. Nokia's executive vice president of devices, Kai Oistamo, said at the MeeGo launch that the two operating systems would continue to co-exist. MeeGo will offer a range of rich online and computing experiences with rich graphics, multitasking and multimedia capabilities.


    Nokia's Maemo platform was recently given an airing on the Nokia N900 smartphone.


    Ø      The MeeGo platform will be developed as an open source project hosted by the Linux Foundation. MeeGo should be attractive to application developers as it uses the Qt application development environment, which enables developers to write applications just once and easily deploy them across variety of platforms and devices.

    Ø      MeeGo applications for Nokia devices will be sold through the Ovi Store for Nokia, while Intel's AppUp Center will handle applications for Intel-based MeeGo devices.

    Core OS

    The MeeGo Core operating system is a Linux distribution, drawing on Nokia’s Debian-based Maemo and Intel’s Fedora-based Moblin.MeeGo is one of the first Linux distributions to use the Btrfs file system as default, and uses RPM repositories.

     Nokia N9 Smart Phone with MeeGo OS


    Jolla  develops and sells smartphones based on the MeeGo platform. It continues the work started by Nokia and produced the Nokia N9 but needed a new company after Nokia has decided to abandon MeeGo. The Jolla team was formed by directors and core professionals leaving Nokia's MeeGo N9 organisation, together with some of the best minds working on MeeGo in the communities. Jolla intends to announce its first smartphone product during 2012.



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    0 Touchscreen Technology - III


    MULTI-TOUCH:

    Enhanced dining experience at restaurant
    Concierge service at hotels
    Concept mapping
    Use as interactive Whiteboards
    Better multi-media experience

    One of the greatest examples of it is the Microsoft Surface.

    Microsoft Surface:
    1) Screen
    2) Infrared Cameras
    3) CPU
                     

     4) Projector   
     


         
                            
    This is a Modern Menu Card used in a 12-Star hotel.




    HOW DOES IT WORK?

    Utilizes Frustrated Total Internal Reflection
    The surface of the table is a thin diffuser, which has infrared light and a projector reflected on its underside.
    Infrared cameras pick up on any objects such as fingers, paintbrushes over the surface, when touching the display.



    Frustrated Total Internal Reflection
    Light encounters an interface (boundary) with lower index of refraction, light becomes refracted (bent).
    Refraction depends on the angle of incidence
    After a certain angle it undergoes TIR
    A finger, with a lower index of refraction, when it comes in contact with that surface can cause the light to escape

    Image Processing
    Infrared camera captures image on the screen
    The image processing subtracts background image to reduce noise
    It uses a Gaussian smoothing filter to reduce noise
    Introduced a cutoff filter to make the image black and white
    Grouped the white pixels together
    Then the program finds the center and relative size of the pixel groups to drive the applications.


    MULTI-TOUCH COLLABORATION WALL:

       
    Army marking a particular area

    And, a person reporting the crime rate of a state, Georgia













    Now all that were some still pictures you saw now view them in the form of video's.

    1. Microsoft Surface in practice.


    2. Multi-touch Wall used at CNN.

    3. Multi-touch Wall.


    0 Touchscreen Technology - II


    II.  CAPACITIVE TOUCH:

    It has two coatings as well.
    Conductive lower coating (Indium-Tin-Oxide)
    No top coating, only rigid protective cover
    Finger serves as second conducting layer

     


    Ohm’s Law relates current to voltage in DC circuit in the form of V = iR
    Capacitive touch screen uses Alternating Current (AC).
    The current is continuous across the ITO surface, remember Sinusoidal waves from lab.

        


    Impedance is equivalent to resistor in AC circuit implies, V = iZ; where Z = (1/JwC)
    And, J = sqrt(-1) w= 2pF where F = Freq.
    C = Capacitance = (erA)/d
    Human body achieves capacitance and conducts current.
    Touch Event implies, Voltage drop at the point of touching.
    Thus affecting the strength of current, across the ITO surface.
    Also, Voltage gradient across surface.
    Conductive ITO surface allows for continuous current across the surface.


     
    Electronic circuits located underneath ITO surface measure the resulting distortion in the sine waves produced by voltage drop as a result of the touch event.



    III.  SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE:

    Based upon emission and absorption of sound waves
    Materials used are:
    Transducers
    One glass screen
    Reflectors
    Sensors
    Two transducers are placed along the X and Y axes and generate sound waves.

    The waves propagate across the glass and are reflected back to the sensors.
    When screen touched, a portion of the wave is reflected back to the sensors immediately.
    The sensor is able to tell if the wave has been disturbed by a touch event at any instant, and can locate it accordingly.
                                 

    How do the sensors tell?
    Waves travel at the speed of sound, Speed of Sound = 343 m/s
    Based on the time it takes for the wave to return to the source, the sensor can tell if it was disturbed or not.
    If it was, based on the time it takes to get back to the source, the sensor can calculate the distance.
    These calculations will generate (X,Y) coordinates

    Benefits
    100% clarity because of the lack of metallic layers in the screen
    Able to interact with the use of multiple mediums like Stylus, finger, glove etc

    Negatives
    Screen can become contaminated and cease to operate correctly.



    IV.  INFRARED:
    An infrared touchscreen uses an array of X-Y infrared LED and photodetector pairs around the edges of the screen to detect a disruption in the pattern of LED beams. These LED beams cross each other in vertical and horizontal patterns. This helps the sensors pick up the exact location of the touch. A major benefit of such a system is that it can detect essentially any input including a finger, gloved finger, stylus or pen. Unlike capacitive touchscreens, infrared touchscreens do not require any patterning on the glass which increases durability and optical clarity of the overall system. Infrared touchscreens are sensitive to dirt/dust that can interfere with the IR beams, and suffer from parallax in curved surfaces and accidental press when the user hovers his/her finger over the screen while searching for the item to be selected.

    V.  OPTICAL IMAGING:
    This is a relatively modern development in touchscreen technology, in which two or more image sensors are placed around the edges (mostly the corners) of the screen. Infrared back lights are placed in the camera's field of view on the other side of the screen. A touch shows up as a shadow and each pair of cameras can then be pinpointed to locate the touch or even measure the size of the touching object (see visual hull). This technology is growing in popularity, due to its scalability, versatility, and affordability, especially for larger units.

    VI.  DISPERSIVE SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY:
    Introduced in 2002 by 3M, this system uses sensors to detect the piezoelectricity in the glass that occurs due to a touch. Complex algorithms then interpret this information and provide the actual location of the touch. The technology claims to be unaffected by dust and other outside elements, including scratches. Since there is no need for additional elements on screen, it also claims to provide excellent optical clarity. Also, since mechanical vibrations are used to detect a touch event, any object can be used to generate these events, including fingers and stylus. A downside is that after the initial touch the system cannot detect a motionless finger.

    VII.  ACOUSTIC PULSE RECOGNITION:
    In this system, introduced by Tyco International's Elo division in 2006, the key to the invention is that a touch at each position on the glass generates a unique sound. Four tiny transducers attached to the edges of the touchscreen glass pick up the sound of the touch. The sound is then digitized by the controller and compared to a list of prerecorded sounds for every position on the glass. The cursor position is instantly updated to the touch location. APR is designed to ignore extraneous and ambient sounds, since they do not match a stored sound profile. APR differs from other attempts to recognize the position of touch with transducers or microphones, in using a simple table lookup method rather than requiring powerful and expensive signal processing hardware to attempt to calculate the touch location without any references. The touchscreen itself is made of ordinary glass, giving it good durability and optical clarity. It is usually able to function with scratches and dust on the screen with good accuracy. The technology is also well suited to displays that are physically larger. Similar to the dispersive signal technology system, after the initial touch, a motionless finger cannot be detected. However, for the same reason, the touch recognition is not disrupted by any resting objects.



    CURRENT USES:

    Kiosks: ATMs, Self Checkout Counters, Airport Check-in, etc.
    PDAs
    Tablet PCs
    Mobile Phones or rather Smart-Phones
    Handheld Gaming Consoles




      

    Different Methods of determining X-Y position of the finger.


               
    A person working on Smartphone.







    Boy playing Jigsaw Puzzles on HP touch-smart.













    Here's a video of a Surface acoustic Wave technology.



    0 Touchscreen Technology - I


    TOUCH SCREEN
    TECHNOLOGIES


    Well how good it would be when we could control any and everything with just one touch but, halt your imagination that time is too far so, live in present and the present is that touchscreens have just marked their successful commercialized beginning. This article is to give you the slightest idea of how a touchscreen works, more importantly to give a detailed idea of the various touchscreens technologies. To start with let’s describe what a touchscreen means for those who might be reading the term for the first time.

    A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touching the display of the device with a finger or hand. Touchscreens can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus. Touchscreens are common in devices such as game consoles, all-in-one computers, tablet computers, and smartphones.

    The History of touchscreen is marked by various individual scientists but not any organization in particular. E. A. Johnson was the first person to have such a vision; he not only published articles on capacitive touchscreens but also worked up ways to build them. Later Bent Stumpe of CERN with the aid of Frank Beck developed the first and only one of its types, the capacitive touch screen. This was the time 1982 when Computers and Mobilephones itself were marking their existence. Thus, without making these devices a complex by introducing the touchscreen technologies it was decided to keep within. But, Hewlett Packard (HP) had something else in mind, the launched the first touchscreen model of PC’s named HP-150 and commercialized it worldwide. It was a great help at Kiosks, Banks, Ticket booths etc. Similar to the PLATO IV system, the touch technology used employed infrared transmitters and receivers mounted around the bezel of its 9" Sony Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), which detected the position of any non-transparent object on the screen. Parallel to it was the beginning of INTERNET which itself spread like virus but also made the technologies acknowledged to the world market.





    TECHNOLOGIES:

    There are a variety of touchscreen technologies that have different methods of sensing touch which are viz.-
    1. Resistive Touch
    2. Surface Acoustic Wave
    3. Capacitive Touch
    4. Infrared
    5. Optical Imaging
    6. Dispersive Signal
    7. Acoustic Pulse Recognition, technologies.

    We will now discuss about each but first with the widely used ones.



    I.  RESISTIVE TOUCH:

          

    It has two resistive (provides resistance) surfaces made out of Indium-Tin Oxide. These are metallically coated and have insulating spaces. On touching, compression takes place as shown in the above image leading to formation of a closed circuit. This is why gadgets with resistive touchscreens have to be pressed harder so that the contact remains intact and as the movement passes through the insulating spaces it analyses the direction of motion. It is most widely used due to its simple structure.
    It again has two types:
    1. Matrix (digital):
    Striped electrodes on substrates such as glass or plastic face each other
    2. Analogue:
    Transparent electrodes without any patterning facing each other
    Low production costs

    Overview of the Position Management System:


    There are two Parallel Sheets
    If there is no pressure applied – Electronically separated
    If applied pressure – Impedance between the two sheets is lowered at the touch point.



    Measurement of X & Y Coordinates:

    Top sheet carries a voltage gradient by applying a voltage between the electrodes of top sheet

    Bottom sheet serves as a slide in a linear potentiometer.


    Voltage Gradient:


    Linear Potentiometer:
     Linear potentiometers are sensors that produce a resistance output proportional to the displacement or position. Resistance value changes with rotation of screw.

                                      

    Conduction Current:
    Electrons move along                                          

    Displacement Current:
    Electrons are completely displaced            




    RESISTIVE TOUCH:


    Measurement of the touch point resistance is valuable. Value varies depending upon force applied.



     

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